70 Questions from the Professional Scrum Product Owner™ I Exam: Answers and Explanations

Welcome to This Training Guide for the Professional Scrum Product Owner™ I (PSPO I) Certification. In this guide, you will find a series of multiple-choice questions, based on real exam experiences, to familiarize yourself with the key concepts of the Product Owner role within the Scrum framework.

Each question is presented in French, followed by the same question in English, with answer choices. The English text will be displayed in gray to make it easier to distinguish. The correct answer will always be highlighted in green, followed by a detailed explanation in French to help you understand why it is correct.

The PSPO I exam is an important milestone for those who wish to demonstrate their mastery of the Scrum framework and agile product management. This certification validates your understanding of the Product Owner’s responsibilities and your ability to create value through agile product management. Here are the exam details:

• Cost: 200 USD
• Passing Score: 85%
• Duration: 60 minutes
• Number of Questions: 80
• Format: Multiple Choice, Multiple Answers, True/False
• Language: English

It is recommended to take the Professional Scrum Product Owner course to maximize your chances of success, although it is not mandatory.

The exam questions mainly focus on three areas of expertise:

1. Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework:
   Empiricism, Scrum Team, Events, Artifacts, Definition of Done.
2. Developing Teams and Managing Products with Agility:
   Product Vision, Product Value, Product Backlog Management, Business Strategy, Stakeholder and Customer Collaboration.

This guide will help you understand the types of questions asked in the exam and provide clear explanations for the correct answers, so you can prepare effectively.z bien préparé. Bonne préparation et bonne chance !

Question 1: What variables should a Product Owner consider when ordering the Product Backlog?

A. Development cohesion as indicated by the Developers.
B. The availability of resources and skills for implementation.
C. Lowest development cost in order to maximize Return on Investment (ROI).
D. Effort first, then value.
E. Anything that informs them to achieve the product's goals and to optimize the value delivered.

The correct answer is E. The Product Owner must prioritize Product Backlog items based on what will help achieve the product goals and optimize delivered value. This may include various factors such as customer value, risks, dependencies, team capacity, and technical constraints. It is not simply about minimizing costs (as suggested in C) or following a rigid order like “effort then value” (D). The Product Owner must demonstrate flexibility and maintain a holistic view of the product.

Question 2: It is mandatory for the Product Owner to monitor and share progress of the Product Backlog by using which method?

A. A Product or Release burn-down chart.
B. A Value burn-up chart.
C. A Gantt Chart.
D. Any practice based on trends of work completed and upcoming work.
E. A Sprint Review acceptance report.

The correct answer is D. The Scrum Guide does not specify a single mandatory method for tracking and sharing the progress of the Product Backlog. The Product Owner can use any practice based on trends of completed and upcoming work, as long as the method provides a clear understanding of progress toward the product goals. Charts such as burn-down (A) or burn-up (B) can be useful but are not required. A Gantt chart (C), often associated with traditional project management, is less suited to the empirical nature of Scrum.

Question 3: The Product Owner manages the Product Backlog. Who is accountable for estimating the effort to complete the Product Backlog Items?

A. The Developers.
B. The PMO.
C. The Product Owner.

The correct answer is A. The Developers are solely responsible for estimating the effort required to complete Product Backlog items, as they are the ones performing the work and have the best understanding of the technical effort involved. The Product Owner manages the Product Backlog in terms of priorities and value but does not estimate the effort. The PMO (Project Management Office) has no direct role in Scrum when it comes to estimations.

Question 4: True or False: The Sprint Review is the only time at which stakeholder feedback is taken into account.

A. True.
B. False.

The correct answer is B (False). While the Sprint Review is a formal opportunity to gather stakeholder feedback on the product increment, it is not the only time their input can be considered. Stakeholders can interact with the Product Owner throughout the Sprint and provide feedback continuously. This allows the Product Owner to ensure that development remains aligned with stakeholder expectations and goals, adjusting the Product Backlog as necessary.

Question 5: How do timeboxes help the Product Owner and the other members of the Scrum Team validate assumptions, adapt, and maximize the value of their product?

A. Timeboxes help by making sure a Sprint does not stop until all testing is done, and the work is verified by the Product Owner.
B. Timeboxes assure the Product Owner that the Developers will finish all work on the Sprint Backlog by the end of the Sprint.
C. Timeboxes help minimize risk by creating the opportunity to validate assumptions using feedback from users and the market; allowing Scrum Teams to inspect progress toward the Product Goal and decide whether to pivot or persevere.
D. At the end of each Sprint when the timebox expires a detailed report with all test cases and test results is available.

The correct answer is C. Timeboxing is a time management technique that sets a realistic and rigid time limit for each task, event, or activity in Scrum. This helps to maintain focus, improve efficiency, and provide predictability in the progress of work. In Scrum, timeboxes are applied to events such as Sprints, creating regular opportunities for inspection and adaptation. By setting time limits, timeboxing allows the Scrum team to receive frequent feedback from users and the market, which helps to validate product assumptions, adjust priorities if needed, and maximize delivered value. Unlike answers A and B, timeboxes do not guarantee the completion of all tasks, but they encourage continuous inspection and adaptation of work to meet product goals.

Question 6: True or False: The value delivered by a product can only be determined by revenue.

A. True.
B. False.

The correct answer is B (False). The value of a product is not limited to just generating revenue. While revenue is an important indicator of business success, value can also include other dimensions such as customer satisfaction, improved user experience, achieving strategic goals, and reducing costs or risks. In Scrum, the Product Owner must consider a variety of factors to assess the overall value of a product, including return on investment (ROI), user feedback, and the product’s relevance to market needs. This means that the value of a product can be perceived in different ways, depending on the context and the goals of stakeholders.

Question 7: How important is it for a Product Owner to order Product Backlog Items by using value points?

A. Calculating value points is a predictive approach that conflicts with the empiricism of Scrum, and is therefore not acceptable.
B. Using value points is the ultimate way for a Product Owner to predict the value that the product will provide.
C. The Product Owner may order the Product Backlog by using value points or select another technique, the decision is up to them.

The correct answer is C. The Product Owner has the flexibility to order the items in the Product Backlog using value points or choose other techniques, such as business value assessment, cost-benefit analysis, or prioritization based on risks. This choice depends on the specific needs of the project and the team, allowing the Product Owner to adapt and maximize the value delivered by the product.

Question 8: True or False: The Scrum Team must choose at least one high priority process improvement item, identified during the Sprint Retrospective, and place it in the Sprint Backlog.

A. True.
B. False.

Although it is recommended that the Scrum team identify process improvements during the retrospective, it is not mandatory to select an item to add to the Sprint Backlog. The team may choose to implement improvements at its own pace and based on its capacity. The focus is on continuous improvement, but this does not mean that an item must be formally added to the Sprint Backlog every time.

Question 9: When can the Product Backlog be updated?

A. Never, unless agreed to by the change request.
B. At any time when done by the Product Owner or a delegate.
C. Only after a Sprint Review if agreed to by the stakeholders.
D. Only during Product Backlog Refinement sessions if the Product Owner is present.

The Product Backlog can be updated at any time by the Product Owner or a delegate. This allows the team to quickly adapt to changes in priorities, stakeholder feedback, or new information regarding the product. It is not necessary to wait for specific events like the Sprint Review or refinement sessions to make changes. This flexibility is essential to maximize the value of the product over time.

Question 10: True or False: The Product Owner should have the entire Product Backlog documented in detail before the first Sprint can start?

A. True.
B. False.

The correct answer is B (False). It is not necessary for the entire Product Backlog to be documented in detail before the start of the first Sprint. In Scrum, the Product Backlog is an evolving artifact that can be refined and updated over time. Only the highest-priority items need to be detailed enough to allow Developers to start work in the first Sprint. Other items can be refined later, as the project progresses.

Question 11: Who is accountable for creating a valuable and usable Increment each Sprint?

A. The Scrum Master.
B. The CEO.
C. The Developers.
D. The Scrum Team.
E. The Product Owner.

The Scrum team as a whole is responsible for delivering a valuable Increment at the end of each Sprint. This includes the Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the Developers. While the Developers directly create the Increment, it is a shared responsibility of the entire team to ensure that the delivered product is both usable and delivers value. The Product Owner helps define the value through the Product Backlog, the Scrum Master ensures the Scrum process is followed, and the Developers work together to build the product incrementally, continuously improving its quality and value.

Question 12: True or False: The Sprint Backlog is a result of Sprint Planning, and it includes the Sprint Goal.

A. True.
B. False.

The Sprint Backlog is indeed a result of Sprint Planning. It contains the items selected from the Product Backlog, along with the Sprint Goal, which guides the team’s work throughout the Sprint. This helps the Scrum team stay focused on what they aim to achieve during the defined work period, ensuring alignment with the product vision and the Sprint objectives. The Sprint Backlog is a living artifact that can evolve as new insights emerge during the Sprint, allowing the team to adapt and adjust their approach while working towards the Sprint Goal.

Question 13: What are two effective ways for the Scrum Team to make non-functional requirements visible? (choose the best two answers)

A. Run the integration and regression tests before the end of the Sprint, and capture the open work for the Sprint Backlog of the next Sprint.
B. Add them to the Product Backlog to ensure transparency.
C. Put them on a separate list on the Scrum board, available for all to see.
D. Add them to the Definition of Done so the work is taken care of every Sprint.

To make non-functional requirements visible and manageable, it is important to add them to the Product Backlog (B) to ensure their transparency and inclusion in planning. Additionally, by integrating them into the Definition of Done (D), the Scrum team ensures that these requirements are met in every Sprint and are not overlooked, which guarantees continuous quality in the deliverables.

Question 14: Which of the following are criteria to order Product Backlog Items? (choose all that apply)

A. Value of Product Backlog Items.
B. Dependencies between Product Backlog Items.
C. Dependencies to other products.
D. The availability of the Scrum Master.
E. All of the above.

The correct answers are A, B, and C. When ordering the items in the Product Backlog, the Product Owner must consider the value each item brings, the dependencies between items, and the dependencies with other products. The availability of the Scrum Master is not a relevant criterion for ordering the backlog items, so answer E is incorrect.

Question 15: The Cone of Uncertainty can be used to do what? (choose the best answer)

A. Determine the length of the next Sprint.
B. Determine the cost of a project before it begins.
C. Determine whether to cut quality, similar to the Iron Triangle of project management.
D. Illustrate that as a project forecast lengthens, it is increasingly less certain.

The correct answer is D. The cone of uncertainty is a concept that shows that the further a project forecast extends into the future, the harder it is to guarantee its accuracy. This reflects the empirical nature of complex projects, where information gradually accumulates over time. Unlike answers A, B, and C, the cone of uncertainty is not used to estimate costs or reduce quality, but rather to illustrate the increase in uncertainty as forecasts move further into the future.

Question 16: Which is NOT a valid consideration when ordering a Product Backlog? (choose the best answer)

A. Risk.
B. Tools and techniques.
C. Importance to customers.
D. Alignment with business strategy and goals.
E. Dependencies on other Product Backlog Items.

When ordering the Product Backlog, relevant criteria include risk, importance for customers, alignment with the company’s strategy, and dependencies between the items in the backlog. However, the tools and techniques used are not a determining factor in ordering the backlog items. These are implementation considerations, but they do not determine the priority order.

Question 17: True or False: The Product Owner must write all of the Product Backlog Items (e.g. user stories, requirements, etc.) on the Product Backlog before handing them over to the Scrum Team.

A. True.
B. False.

The Product Owner is not required to write every item in the Product Backlog personally. While they are responsible for managing and prioritizing the backlog, Developers or other members of the Scrum Team can also contribute to writing the items. What matters is the ongoing collaboration between the Product Owner and the team to ensure that the backlog reflects the current priorities and needs of the product.

Question 18: All Scrum artifacts must be transparent to ensure sufficient accuracy of inspection. Which two measures ensure that the Product Backlog is transparent? (choose the best two answers)

A. The Product Backlog is managed using a web-based tool.
B. The Product Backlog is available to all stakeholders.
C. The Product Backlog is ordered.
D. Each Product Backlog Item has a MoSCoW priority.
E. The Product Backlog only has work for the next 2 Sprints.

To ensure the transparency of the Product Backlog, it is crucial that it is accessible to all stakeholders (B), which guarantees that everyone can track the evolution of the product. Additionally, the Product Backlog must be ordered (C) based on value, priorities, and dependencies, so that the Scrum Team can focus on the most important items first. Other options, such as the online tool or the MoSCoW method, do not, by themselves, guarantee transparency.

Question 19: Which of the following practices might help the Product Owner minimize waste in developing and sustaining the Product Backlog? (choose the best two answers)

A. Avoid distracting the Scrum Team by maintaining newly gathered Product Backlog items in a separate Product Backlog until they are fully understood.
B. Only fully describe Product Backlog items when it seems likely they will be implemented.
C. Hand off ownership of the Product Backlog to someone else.
D. Remove items from the Product Backlog that have not been addressed in a long time.

The correct answers are B and D. To minimize waste, the Product Owner should only describe the Product Backlog items in detail when it is likely they will be implemented (B), in order to avoid unnecessary work. Additionally, it is wise to remove items that have not been addressed for a long time (D), as they may no longer be relevant. These practices help maintain a clear backlog that focuses on what delivers value, avoiding the accumulation of obsolete items.

Question 20: True or False: Product Owners must create clear and unambiguous acceptance criteria for each Product Backlog Item before it may be selected in Sprint Planning.

A. True.
B. False.

Although clear acceptance criteria are desirable for each Product Backlog item, it is not strictly necessary for these criteria to be fully defined before Sprint Planning. The Scrum Team can collaborate to refine the acceptance criteria during or after planning, and the criteria can evolve as work progresses. The key is that the Product Backlog is sufficiently well understood so that the team can estimate and plan the Sprint effectively.

Question 21: What three things might a Scrum Product Owner focus on to ensure the product delivers value? (choose the best three answers)

A. Minimizing changes to project scope.
B. How much of the functionality of the product is being used.
C. How quickly or easily the product can be absorbed and used by its customers.
D. Direct customer feedback.
E. Velocity is increasing over time.

Les The correct answers are B, C, and D. To ensure the product delivers value, the Product Owner must focus on:

• B (Product feature usage): Understanding how users interact with the product allows for adjustments and improvements to its features.
• C (Speed or ease of use): A product that is easy to use and adopt by customers maximizes the value it offers.
• D (Direct customer feedback): Collecting and analyzing customer feedback is crucial to ensure the product meets their needs and expectations.

Minimizing scope changes (A) and focusing only on increasing velocity (E) do not necessarily guarantee that the product delivers value, as they do not consider user needs and satisfaction.

Question 22 : How often should customer satisfaction be measured? (choose the best answer)

A. Quarterly.
B. Annually.
C. Daily.
D. Frequently.

The correct answer is D (Frequently). In an agile environment, customer satisfaction should be measured frequently to ensure that the product continuously meets the needs and expectations of users. This approach allows the Product Owner and the Scrum Team to quickly adapt the product based on customer feedback and changes in the market or user needs. Annual or quarterly measurements (A and B) do not allow for agile reactions, while daily tracking (C) may be excessive and impractical.

Question 23: Why would you expect a Product Owner to care that the Scrum Team adheres to its Definition of Done? (choose the best two answers)

A. To be able to punish the team when they do not meet their velocity goal for the Sprint.
B. The Product Owner should not care about the Definition of Done, it is the Scrum Team's responsibility.
C. The Definition of Done can affect the product's total cost of ownership.
D. To have complete transparency into what has been done at the end of each Sprint.
E. To forecast the team's productivity over time.

The correct answers are C and D.

• C. The Definition of Done impacts the total cost of ownership: A clear and adhered-to Definition of Done ensures the product is built with a consistent level of quality, thus reducing future costs related to maintenance or defect correction.
• D. Full transparency at the end of each Sprint: The Product Owner must have a clear understanding of what has been accomplished to ensure the product is progressing toward its objectives and to effectively communicate with stakeholders.

The other answers are incorrect:

• A. Punishing the team is not in line with Scrum principles.
• Although the Definition of Done is primarily the responsibility of the Scrum Team, the Product Owner has a direct interest in ensuring it is followed (B).
• Forecasting productivity over time (E) is not directly related to the Definition of Done.

Question 24: A product’s success is measured by: (choose the best three answers)

A. The impact on customer satisfaction.
B. The impact on cost.
C. The impact on my boss's mood.
D. The delivery of upfront defend scope compared to the upfront planned time.
E. The impact on my performance rating.
F. The impact on revenue.

The correct answers are A, B, and F.

• A. Impact on customer satisfaction: A product that satisfies or exceeds customer expectations is a key indicator of its success.
• B. Impact on costs: A profitable product that minimizes unnecessary expenditures is crucial for ensuring its viability.
• F. Impact on revenue: Generating revenue or increasing economic value is a direct measure of success.

The other answers do not reflect relevant measures for a product’s success:

• C: The mood of a superior is not a valid or consistent indicator.
• D: While delivering on time is important, success is not solely about adhering to the initial plan. Scrum values adapting to value rather than strictly following plans.
• E: Individual assessments do not directly measure the overall success of a product.

Question 25: True or False: Dependencies could influence how the Product Owner orders Product Backlog Items.

A. True.
B. False.

The dependencies between the items in the Product Backlog can play a key role in their order. For example, some items may require another to be completed first to avoid bottlenecks or to maximize the efficiency of the development team. The Product Owner takes these dependencies into account to optimize the value delivered by the product and ensure a smooth workflow within the Scrum Team.

Question 26: Scrum is based on empiricism. All of its artifacts must be transparent to ensure sufficient accuracy of inspection. How can the Scrum Team maintain the Product Backlog to maximize its transparency? (choose the best answer)

A. The Product Backlog is only updated at a release planning meeting with the stakeholders and the change control board present.
B. Product Backlog Items must be sized such that the highest ordered items are no bigger than a Sprint.
C. The Product Backlog is only updated at the Sprint Review, when both the Scrum Team and the stakeholders are available.
D. Product Backlog Items should hold no more than 8 points of work, which is the average in the range of acceptable sizes of 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 13.
E. The Product Backlog is continually kept up to date with the most recent insights.

The correct answer is E (The Product Backlog is continually updated with the latest information).

To maximize transparency and ensure the accuracy of inspections, the Product Backlog must reflect the current knowledge and priorities. This includes feedback from stakeholders, changes in business priorities, user feedback, and learnings from the Scrum Team. A constantly updated backlog ensures better preparation for future Sprints and the ability to adapt quickly.

The other options do not reflect an agile and transparent management of the Product Backlog:

• A: Limiting updates to release planning meetings is too rigid and incompatible with empiricism.
• B and D: While the size of items is important for planning, it alone is not sufficient to maximize transparency.
• C: Waiting for the Sprint Review only for updates limits responsiveness and adaptation during the Sprint.

Question 27: What is the responsibility of the Product Owner in crafting the Sprint Goal? (choose the best answer)

A. The Product Owner has no responsibility in it. This is the Developers responsibility.
B. The Product Owner defines the scope for a Sprint and therefore also the Sprint Goal.
C. The Product Owner should not come to the Sprint Planning without a clearly defined Sprint Goal.
D. The Product Owner should come to the Sprint Planning with a business objective in mind and work with the Developers to craft the Sprint Goal.
E. The Product Owner must work with stakeholders to set each Sprint's Goal.

The correct answer is D (The Product Owner should come to the Sprint Planning with a business objective in mind and work with the Developers to develop the Sprint Goal).

The Sprint Goal is the collaborative result of the Sprint Planning, where the Product Owner shares a business objective or vision for the Sprint. The Developers contribute by defining how this objective can be achieved by selecting items from the Product Backlog. The Product Owner does not dictate the Sprint Goal, but plays a key role by providing context and collaborating with the team to ensure the goal is clear, realistic, and aligned with strategic priorities.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A: The Product Owner is responsible for defining the strategic objective, even though the Developers actively participate in its formulation.
• B: While the Product Owner defines the priorities and scope, the Sprint Goal is developed collaboratively.
• C: The Product Owner is not required to come with a predefined Sprint Goal but rather with a business objective to discuss.
• E: Stakeholders are not directly involved in creating the Sprint Goal, although their needs may be considered by the Product Owner.

Question 28: When should the Product Owner update the project plan? (choose the best answer)

A. The Product Backlog is the plan in Scrum. It is updated as new information and insights emerge.
B. The project plan must be updated prior to the Sprint Retrospective.
C. Before the Sprint Planning to know how much work will have to be done in the Sprint.
D. After the Daily Scrum to ensure an accurate daily overview of project progress.

In Scrum, the Product Backlog acts as a dynamic project plan. Unlike traditional methodologies where a rigid plan is set at the beginning of the project, Scrum encourages continuous updates based on learnings, stakeholder feedback, and evolving needs. This allows the Product Owner and the team to remain flexible and aligned with the value to be delivered.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B: Updating the plan before the Sprint Retrospective is not relevant. The Retrospective focuses on continuous improvement of the process.

C: Sprint Planning is based on the Product Backlog, but the backlog is continuously updated, not just before planning.

D: The Daily Scrum is not meant to update a “plan,” but to synchronize the team and identify obstacles. It does not imply a formal update of the Backlog after each meeting.

Question 29: A Product Backlog is: (choose the best three answers)

A. Managed by the Product Owner.
B. Only visible to the Product Owner and stakeholders.
C. An exhaustive list of upfront approved requirements to be implemented.
D. Ordered based on priority, value, dependencies, and risk.
E. An inventory of things to be done for the Product.

The correct answers are A, D, and E:

• A. Managed by the Product Owner.
  The Product Owner is responsible for managing the Product Backlog, including its content, order, and transparency, as described in the Scrum Guide.
• D. Ordered based on priority, value, dependencies, and risks.
  The Product Backlog Items are prioritized to maximize value and ensure efficient progress toward the product goal, taking factors like risks and dependencies into account.
• E. An inventory of things to do for the product.
  The Product Backlog is an evolving and dynamic list of items needed to improve the product or achieve its goals.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• B. Visible only to the Product Owner and stakeholders.
  False. The Product Backlog must be transparent and accessible to all members of the Scrum Team, not just the Product Owner and stakeholders.
• C. An exhaustive list of pre-approved needs to be implemented.
  False. The Product Backlog is not fixed and evolves over time with new ideas, priorities, or constraints. Such rigidity contradicts the empiricism and adaptability of Scrum.

Question 30: How much time must a Product Owner spend with the Developers? (choose the best answer)

A. As much time as the Developers ask the Product Owner to be present.
B. 100%.
C. Enough so that the Product Owner is confident, the Increment will meet the intended value.
D. 40%, or more if the stakeholders agree.

The correct answer is C (As much as necessary for the Product Owner to be convinced that the Increment will deliver the expected value).

The Product Owner does not need to be constantly with the Developers, but it is crucial for them to collaborate sufficiently to ensure that the product goal is understood and met. This includes clarifying requirements, answering questions about Product Backlog items, and ensuring that the Increment aligns with value expectations.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. As much time as the Developers ask for: While collaboration is important, the time spent should be optimized and not simply dictated by a subjective request.
• B. 100%: The Product Owner has other responsibilities, such as managing the Product Backlog and interacting with stakeholders. Being present full-time with the Developers is neither necessary nor efficient.
• D. 40%, or more if stakeholders agree: The time the Product Owner spends with the Scrum Team should not be arbitrarily set or agreed upon by stakeholders. It depends on the specific needs of the project and the team.

Question 31: Which metrics will help a Product Owner determine if a product delivering value? (choose the best two answers)

A. Velocity.
B. Productivity.
C. Time to market.
D. Customer satisfaction.
E. Percentage of scope implemented.

The correct answers are C (time to market) and D (customer satisfaction).

C. Time to market
Reducing the time required to deliver a product or useful features to the market is a key indicator of value. It shows how quickly the product responds to customer needs and generates benefits.

D. Customer satisfaction
The value of a product is strongly linked to the satisfaction it provides to its users. Direct feedback from customers, surveys, and metrics like the Net Promoter Score (NPS) are important ways to assess this satisfaction.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. Velocity
  While velocity measures the amount of work completed, it doesn’t directly reflect the value delivered to users or the market.
• B. Productivity
  Like velocity, productivity is an internal metric that doesn’t reflect the value the product generates for users.
• E. Percentage of scope implemented
  Completing a certain percentage of the scope is not a reliable measure of the value delivered. Value is based on what is delivered and used, not on the extent of the work done.

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Question 32: True or False: All planned work for the Product done by the Scrum Team must originate from the Product Backlog.

A. True. 
B. False.

In Scrum, the Product Backlog is the single source of truth for all the planned work on the product. This ensures transparency and alignment between the Product Owner, the Developers, and the stakeholders. Any task, requirement, or improvement must be recorded in the Product Backlog to be planned and executed, whether it is directly related to a feature, technical debt, or non-functional improvements.

Why the other option is incorrect:

B. False: Allowing work outside of the Product Backlog could lead to a lack of transparency and alignment, thus compromising the team’s ability to work empirically and maximize value.

Question 33: What typically happens if the Product Backlog is not sufficiently clear at Sprint Planning? (choose the best answer)

A. The Product Owner should select the Sprint Goal for the Scrum Team so that work can begin.
B. The Developers will find it difficult to create a Sprint forecast they are confident they can meet. 
C. Nothing in particular.
D. The Scrum Master should not allow this to happen. Look for a new Scrum Master and restart the Sprint.
E. Sprint Planning is cancelled so refinement can be done first.

If the Product Backlog is not sufficiently clear during Sprint Planning, it will make it difficult for the Developers to estimate and plan the work to be done during the Sprint. This prevents them from being confident about their ability to achieve the Sprint goals. A clear and well-defined Product Backlog is essential for effective and realistic planning.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. The Product Owner should select the Sprint Goal for the Scrum team so that the work can begin.
The Product Owner helps define the Sprint Goal, but it is crucial that the Scrum team collaborates to ensure the goal is understood and realistic.

C. Nothing in particular.
Ignoring a vague Product Backlog will inevitably cause difficulties during the Sprint.

D. The Scrum Master should not allow this to happen. Find a new Scrum Master and restart the Sprint.
The Scrum Master facilitates the process, but they are not responsible for solving all planning issues. The Scrum team must collaborate to clarify the Product Backlog.

E. The Sprint Planning is canceled so that the refinement can be done first.
Backlog refinement is an ongoing activity, but canceling Sprint Planning is not the right solution. Refinement should ideally be done before Sprint Planning to ensure the Backlog is ready.

Question 34: True or False: During the Sprint Review the stakeholder’s role is to reorder the Product Backlog.

A. True.
B. False. 

During the Sprint Review, stakeholders participate in inspecting the work done, provide their feedback, and discuss necessary adjustments to maximize the product’s value. However, reorganizing the Product Backlog is the responsibility of the Product Owner, not the stakeholders. The Product Owner can, of course, take into account the feedback from stakeholders to reorganize the Product Backlog, but it is not their direct role during the Sprint Review.

Why A. is incorrect:

Stakeholders contribute to the discussion and validation of Product Backlog items, but they are not responsible for reorganizing it. It is the Product Owner who decides the order of the items in the Product Backlog based on priorities and feedback.

Question 35: True or False: A Product Owner can measure success by an increase in the team’s velocity.

A. True.
B. False.

Velocity in a Scrum team measures the amount of work completed during a Sprint, typically expressed in story points or the number of Product Backlog items completed. However, an increase in velocity does not necessarily indicate success for the Product Owner or the product. The success of a product should be measured by its ability to create value for users and stakeholders, not just by the team’s efficiency in completing work.

Why A. True is incorrect:

Velocity is a measure of the team’s capacity to complete work, but it does not directly reflect the value or success of a product. A product may have high velocity but may not meet user needs or generate business value.

Question 36: What might indicate to a Product Owner that she needs to work more with the Scrum Team? (choose the best answer)

A. People leave the Scrum Team.
B. She is not working fulltime with the Scrum Team.
C. The acceptance criteria do not appear to be complete.
D. The Increment presented at the Sprint Review does not reflect what she thought she had asked for. 

The correct answer is D. The Increment presented during the Sprint Review does not reflect what the Product Owner thought was requested.

If the Product Owner finds that the Increment does not meet expectations, this may indicate a lack of ongoing communication or collaboration with the Scrum Team. The Product Owner must ensure that acceptance criteria are clear and that the team fully understands the priorities and requirements. Working more closely with the team can help improve mutual understanding and prevent misunderstandings about what is truly required.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. Team members leave the Scrum Team.
  While this is concerning, it is not necessarily a direct indicator that the Product Owner needs to work more with the team. There may be various reasons team members leave that are not related to collaboration with the Product Owner.
• B. The Product Owner does not work full-time with the Scrum Team.
  While this could be a contributing factor, it is not necessarily the best indication. The Product Owner can work full-time or part-time as long as communication and collaboration are effective.
• C. The acceptance criteria do not seem to be complete.
  This could be a sign that the acceptance criteria need clarification, but it does not directly imply that the Product Owner should spend more time with the team. Acceptance criteria can also be refined throughout Sprint Reviews and discussions with the team.

Question 37: What are two effective ways for a Scrum Team to ensure security concerns are satisfied? (choose the best two answers)

A. Delegate the work to the security department.
B. Postpone the work until a specialist can perform a security audit and create a list of security-related Product Backlog Items.
C. Add security concerns to the Definition of Done. 
D. Add a Sprint to specifically resolve all security concerns.
E. Have the Scrum Team create Product Backlog Items for each concern. 

The correct answers are C and E.

• C. Add security concerns to the Definition of Done (DoD):
  The Definition of Done (DoD) is a set of criteria that must be met for a piece of work to be considered complete. By including security concerns in the DoD, the team ensures that security is considered in every iteration, and that each delivered Product Backlog item meets the defined security standards.
• E. Ensure the Scrum Team creates Product Backlog items for each security concern:
  When security concerns are identified, the Scrum Team can translate them into specific Product Backlog items. This ensures that security becomes an integral part of the team’s work and can be addressed continuously across sprints.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. Delegate the work to the security department:
  While the security department can be a valuable resource, delegating all of the work to another team compromises collaboration and shared responsibility. Security should be integrated into the Scrum process and managed by the entire team.
• B. Postpone the work until a specialist can conduct a security audit:
  Delaying the work until a security audit is performed can cause delays and risks. It is more effective to integrate security concerns from the start and continuously throughout the process.
• D. Add a Sprint specifically for resolving all security concerns:
  Adding an entire Sprint solely for addressing security issues may create overload and lack of flexibility. Security should be integrated continuously in every Sprint, not isolated in a single Sprint.

Question 38: You are the Scrum Master for four Scrum Teams working from the same Product Backlog. Several Developers come to you complaining that work identified for the upcoming two Sprints will require full-time commitment from a specialist who is external to the teams. What should the Scrum Master consider in this situation? (choose the best two answers)

A. The need to have enough work to keep all Developers busy.
B. The ability of the Scrum Teams to produce integrated Increments. 
C. The desire to maintain a stable velocity.
D. The benefit of Developers figuring out a solution for themselves. 

The correct answers are B and D.

• B. The ability of Scrum teams to produce integrated Increments:
  The Scrum Master must always ensure that the teams produce Increments that are coherent and integrated, especially when external specialists are involved. If engaging this specialist is necessary to complete the work, it could affect the integration and quality of the final product. The Scrum Master should help the teams find a way to collaborate effectively with the external expert and manage the dependency while ensuring that the final Increment remains integrated.
• D. The benefit for Developers of finding a solution by themselves:
  A Scrum team should be autonomous. If the Developers encounter an issue requiring an external specialist, it’s important to encourage them to think of solutions on their own. This could include setting up collaborative processes with the specialist, improving internal skills, or adapting work to avoid total dependence on the external expert. This strengthens the autonomy and self-organization of the team.

Why the other options are incorrect:

• A. The need to have enough work to keep all Developers busy:
  The primary goal of Scrum is not simply to keep Developers busy, but to deliver value. It is more important to ensure that the teams work on Product Backlog items with the highest value, regardless of whether all the Developers’ time is occupied. Managing external dependencies should be prioritized according to the product’s value objectives.
• C. The desire to maintain a stable velocity:
  While maintaining a stable velocity might seem important, it should not overshadow the priority of resolving critical issues for the quality and integration of the Increments. If an external specialist is needed, it may affect velocity, but this should not be a reason to delay resolving issues or avoiding a solution to maintain product integration.

Question 39: In order to maximize the value of the product, a Product Owner needs awareness of the following: (choose the best answer)

A. Competitive research.
B. Customer feedback.
C. Product vision.
D. Forecasting & feasibility.
E. All of the above. 
F. None of the above.

To maximize the product value, a Product Owner must be aware of several elements that influence the product’s success:

• Competitive Research: Understanding competitor products helps the Product Owner identify market opportunities, spot gaps or trends, and adjust the product’s priorities based on differentiation needs.
• Customer Feedback: User feedback is essential to identify customers’ real needs, expectations, and pain points. This allows the Product Owner to prioritize features that will bring the most value to the end users.
• Product Vision: The product vision defines the strategic direction of the product. A Product Owner must ensure that all decisions are aligned with this vision to ensure long-term value creation.
• Forecasts and Feasibility: The Product Owner needs to be aware of the feasibility of adding features, time, and resource constraints in order to adjust priorities and make realistic choices while maximizing product value.

Thus, each aspect mentioned contributes to maximizing the product’s value by focusing on user needs, market trends, and feasible solutions aligned with the strategic vision.ettant une gestion éclairée et orientée vers les besoins réels du marché et des utilisateurs.

Question 40: The Developers ask their Product Owner to re-order the Product Backlog. The team is waiting for an external supplier to deliver a component. Without that component, there will not be enough work in the next Sprint to occupy the full team. As the Scrum Master, what advice would you give the Product Owner? (choose the best answer)

A. Tell the Product Owner that the Product Backlog should be ordered to maximize utilization of the Developers.
B. Tell the Product Owner to re-order the Product Backlog so the work involving the external component can be planned in a separate Sprint.
C. Remind the Product Owner that their primary concern is the flow of value reflected in the ordering of the Product Backlog. 

The role of the Product Owner is to maximize the value of the product, and the order of the Product Backlog should reflect that. When prioritizing the items in the Product Backlog, the goal is not to maximize the utilization of the developers but to ensure that the most valuable items are addressed first, regardless of available resources.

In this situation, although the lack of work for the developers may be a logistical concern, the Product Owner should focus on the product’s value and wait for the external component to become available before working on the associated items. Maximizing value should not be subordinated to merely occupying the developers. The Product Owner must prioritize based on what delivers the most value, even if it means waiting for external factors to be resolved.

Question 41: A Project Manager working with your Scrum Team has raised concerns about progress and money spent. What are the two best responses? (choose the best two answers)

A. Show the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) report.
B. Scrum does not have Project Managers so disregard their concerns.
C. Promote transparency by sharing the Product Backlog and ensuring the Project Manager has access. 
D. Share the last stakeholder briefing document prepared by the Product Owner.
E. Have a discussion with the Project Manager, share the current impediments and forecast for the Sprint. 

Transparency and collaboration are fundamental principles of Scrum. Here’s why C and E are the correct answers:

C. Promoting transparency by sharing the Product Backlog: The Product Backlog is a key tool to provide a clear view of the progress, priorities, and remaining work to be done. Giving access to the Product Backlog allows the Project Manager to better understand the progress and align expectations.

E. Discussing with the Project Manager: Organizing an open conversation helps directly address concerns. By sharing the current obstacles and the forecasts for the Sprint, the Scrum Team can build trust and facilitate collaboration.

The other options are incorrect because they either do not adhere to Scrum principles or do not effectively address the Project Manager’s concerns. Scrum values transparency, collaboration, and communication, which are essential for the success of the product and the team.rise la transparence et une communication efficace pour répondre aux besoins des parties prenantes.

Question 42: The Product Owner is the person who will be held accountable if a product does not achieve its goals or deliver value. Does this mean that the Product Owner has final say over the Definition of Done? (choose the best answer)

A. Yes, the Product Owner decides the Definition of Done. The Developers may be consulted.
B. No, the Scrum Team decides the Definition of Done. The Product Owner is just one member of the Scrum Team. 

In Scrum, the Definition of Done (DoD) is a collective standard defined by the entire Scrum Team, not just one individual, even if that individual is the Product Owner. This ensures that all parties involved, including the Developers and possibly the Scrum Master, understand and agree on the criteria that must be met for an item to be considered complete.

While the Product Owner is responsible for the product’s value, the DoD is a shared decision that helps ensure the quality and transparency of the resulting Increment. This collaborative approach reflects the spirit of Scrum, which is based on the autonomy and self-organization of the team.

Question 43: Which statement best describes Scrum? (choose the best answer)

A. A defined and predictive process that conforms to the principles of Scientific Management.
B. A framework to generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. 
C. A cookbook that defines best practices for software development.
D. A complete methodology that defines how to develop software.

Scrum is primarily a framework that enables value creation by developing adaptive solutions to complex problems. It is not a rigid process or a comprehensive methodology. Instead, Scrum is based on the principles of empiricism (transparency, inspection, and adaptation) and collaboration to address unpredictable challenges.

Unlike a list of “best practices” or a one-size-fits-all recipe, Scrum provides a flexible structure that allows teams to adapt to specific situations while staying focused on delivering value.

Question 44: What is a Product Owner typically responsible for during a Sprint? (choose the best two answers)

A. Nothing.
B. Working with the Scrum Team on Product Backlog Refinement.
C. Attending every Daily Scrum to answer questions about the Sprint Backlog items.
D. Updating the work plan for the Developers on a daily basis.
E. Collaborating with stakeholders, users, and customers. 
F. Creating financial reporting upon the spent hours reported by the Developers.

During a Sprint, the Product Owner plays an active role but does not directly manage the Developers’ work. Their role includes:

• Collaborating with stakeholders, users, and customers to understand their needs and ensure alignment with the product’s goals.
• Participating in the refinement of the Product Backlog by working with the Scrum Team to clarify and prioritize items.

However, the Product Owner does not update daily work plans and is not required to participate in every Daily Scrum. Scrum encourages self-organization and transparency within the team. Tasks such as creating financial reports are not part of the Product Owner’s primary responsibilities.

Question 45: True or False: Product Owners must specify complete acceptance criteria for a Product Backlog Item before the Developers can select the item in Sprint Planning.

A. True.
B. False. 

In Scrum, it is not necessary for the acceptance criteria of a Product Backlog item to be fully defined before it can be selected for a Sprint. However, the items should be clear enough to allow the Developers to plan the work. Scrum encourages ongoing collaboration between the Product Owner and the Developers during the Sprint to refine the details as needed.

The goal is to ensure transparency and flexibility to respond to evolving needs throughout the development process.

Question 46: Who is accountable for tracking the remaining work toward the Sprint Goal?

A. The Scrum Master.
B. The Developers. 
C. The Project Manager.
D. The Product Owner.

In Scrum, it is the Developers who are responsible for tracking the remaining work to achieve the Sprint goal. They take on this responsibility by adjusting their work plan daily during the Daily Scrum. This allows them to stay aligned with the Sprint goal and quickly identify any obstacles or need for adjustments.

The Scrum Master and the Product Owner can support this process, but the primary responsibility lies with the Developers, who are doing the work.

Question 47: The Scrum Team should have all the skills needed to:

A. Complete the project within the date and cost as calculated by the Product Owner.
B. Turn Product Backlog Items into a valuable, useful Increment. 
C. Do all of the development work, except for specialized testing that requires additional tools and environments.

The Scrum Team must have all the necessary skills to convert Product Backlog Items into a product Increment that is usable and delivers value. This includes not only development but also testing, integration, and any other aspects related to delivering a complete and functional product.

The Scrum method emphasizes the self-organization and multidisciplinary nature of the team, allowing them to avoid external dependencies in accomplishing the required work.

Question 48: Which three of the following are timeboxed events in Scrum?

A. Sprint 0.
B. Release Retrospective.
C. Sprint Retrospective. 
D. Daily Scrum. 
E. Sprint Planning. 
F. Release Planning.
G. Sprint Testing.

In Scrum, the following events are timeboxed, meaning they have a defined maximum duration:

• Sprint Planning: Held before the start of each Sprint, this event is timeboxed to ensure effective planning.
• Daily Scrum: A daily meeting with a maximum duration of 15 minutes to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal.
• Sprint Retrospective: A time for the Scrum Team to reflect on the completed Sprint and identify improvements for future Sprints.

Other options, such as “Sprint 0”, “Release Planning”, or any other non-Scrum events, are not part of the official Scrum framework and are not timeboxed within Scrum. These events may be used in some contexts, but they are not prescribed by Scrum.int Testing”, ne font pas partie du cadre Scrum officiel et ne sont pas des événements timeboxed définis.

Question 49: Who starts the Daily Scrum?

A. The person who has the token.
B. Whoever the Developers decide should start.
C. The person coming in last. This encourages people to be on time and helps to stay within the timebox.
D. The Product Owner.
E. The Scrum Master. This ensures that the Developers have the event, and it stays within the timebox.

The Daily Scrum belongs to the Developers, and they are the ones who decide how it is conducted, including who starts. The goal is to maximize self-organization and collaboration. It is not the Scrum Master’s or Product Owner’s role to determine these details.

Other options, such as using a “token” or starting with the last person to arrive, are not official Scrum practices. These methods may be adopted by some teams, but they are not prescribed by Scrum itself. The focus should remain on the Scrum Team’s ability to organize and manage the event in the way that works best for them while keeping the meeting within the 15-minute timebox.

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Question 50: Which of the following services are appropriate for a Scrum Master in regard to the Daily Scrum?

A. Lead the discussions.
B. Make sure that all 3 questions have been answered by each member of the team.
C. Keep track of whether each Developer has a chance to speak.
D. Teach the Developers to keep the Daily Scrum within 15 minutes.
E. All of the above.

The Scrum Master plays a facilitator role during the Daily Scrum. They do not directly intervene in the discussions or answer the questions, but they help ensure that the event runs smoothly.

One of the Scrum Master’s key responsibilities is to make sure the Daily Scrum stays within the 15-minute timebox and remains focused and productive. The Scrum Master does not answer questions or guide the discussion but creates an environment where the team can self-organize and answer the questions themselves. This allows the Developers to inspect their progress and adapt their plans for achieving the Sprint Goal.

Question 51: True or False: Sprint Reviews are an opportunity to collect stakeholder feedback.

A. True.
B. False.

The Sprint Review is a crucial opportunity to gather feedback from stakeholders on the Increment presented. During this meeting, the Product Owner, the Scrum Team, and the stakeholders can discuss the progress made, the features developed, and adjust the priorities of the Product Backlog based on the feedback received. This feedback ensures that the product continues to meet stakeholder expectations and remains aligned with business goals.

Question 52: Who is on the Scrum Team? (choose all that apply)

A. Scrum Master. 
B. Product Owner. 
C. Developers. 
D. Project Manager.
E. None of the above.

The Scrum Team consists of three main roles:

• The Scrum Master: Responsible for the implementation of Scrum, facilitates events, and helps the team overcome obstacles.
• The Product Owner: Manages the Product Backlog and makes decisions regarding priorities and the product’s value.
• The Developers: These are the team members who work on creating the Increment.

The Project Manager is not part of the Scrum Team, as this role does not exist within the Scrum framework.s dans le cadre de Scrum.

Question 53: What tactic should a Scrum Master use to divide a group of 100 people into multiple Scrum Teams? (choose the best answer)

A. Ask the people to divide themselves into teams. 
B. Create teams based on their skills across multiple layers (such as database, UI, etc.).
C. Ask the Product Owner to assign the people to teams.

The best approach is to ask people to divide themselves into teams. This encourages self-organization, a fundamental principle of Scrum. When team members choose to work together, it creates a stronger dynamic and greater commitment, which fosters better collaboration and more efficiency within teams.

Dividing people based on their skills (Answer B) can lead to overly specialized teams and limit cross-functional collaboration. Additionally, the Product Owner should not manage the composition of the teams, as this is the responsibility of the Scrum Master and the teams themselves.

Question 54: Which of the following are true about the length of the Sprint? (choose the best answer)

A. The length of the Sprint should be proportional to the work that is done in between Sprints.
B. Sprint length is determined during Sprint Planning, and should hold the time it will take to code the planned features in the upcoming Sprint, but does not include time for any testing.
C. Sprint length is determined during Sprint Planning, and should be long enough to make sure the Scrum Team can deliver what is to be accomplished in the upcoming Sprint.
D. All Sprints must be one month or less.

The duration of a Sprint is always one month or less. This allows the Scrum team to maintain a regular cadence of value delivery and ensures frequent inspection and adaptation. The length of the Sprint is not determined by the amount of work to be completed, but by the Scrum principle of maintaining short, regular cycles.

The other options (A, B, and C) do not fully align with the principles of Scrum, as they suggest that the length of the Sprint could be based on specific work or tasks, which goes against the practice of having a uniformly short Sprint.

Question 55: Which are appropriate topics for discussion in a Sprint Retrospective? (choose the best three answers)

A. Definition of Done.
B. Arranging the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.
C. How the Scrum Team does its work.
D. Team relations.
E. The value of work currently represented in the Product Backlog.

The Sprint Retrospective is an event where the Scrum team reflects on its performance during the past Sprint and looks for ways to improve its efficiency and collaboration. Appropriate topics for this retrospective include:

• The definition of “Done”: Assessing whether the definition of “Done” is well understood and if it needs to be refined.
• How the team does its work: Discussing processes, tools, and practices that can be improved.
• Team relationships: Addressing the human and collaborative aspects to improve team dynamics.

Rearranging the Sprint Backlog (B) and evaluating the value of work in the Product Backlog (E) are not specific topics for the retrospective, as they are more related to Sprint Planning and Product Backlog refinement.ive, car ils relèvent davantage des activités de Sprint Planning ou Product Backlog Refinement.

Question 56: True or False: The Product Owner makes sure the correct stakeholders are invited to the Sprint Retrospective. They might have important instructions for team improvements.

A. True.
B. False. 

The Product Owner is generally not responsible for inviting stakeholders to the Sprint Retrospective. The retrospective is an internal event for the Scrum Team, where the team focuses on improving its processes and collaboration. While the Product Owner can participate in the retrospective, inviting external stakeholders is not a standard practice, as the primary goal of the retrospective is centered around the Scrum Team itself, not external input.

Question 57: Who has the final decision about the order of items in the Product Backlog?

A. The Scrum Team.
B. The Product Owner.
C. The Scrum Master.
D. The Stakeholders.
E. The Developers.

The Product Owner is responsible for the order of the items in the Product Backlog. This means that they make the final decisions regarding the priority of items to be worked on, based on business value, stakeholder needs, and other factors. While the Scrum Team and stakeholders can provide input, it is the Product Owner who has the final control over the order of the Product Backlog.

Question 58: What are the two primary ways a Scrum Master helps a Scrum Team work at its highest level of productivity? (choose the best two answers)

A. By ensuring the meetings start and end at the proper time.
B. By facilitating Scrum Team decisions.
C. By keeping high value features high in the Product Backlog.
D. By removing impediments that hinder the Scrum Team.

The Scrum Master helps the Scrum Team reach its maximum productivity by facilitating the team’s decisions and removing any impediments that may hinder its work. These actions enable the team to focus on delivering value, improving its functioning, and overcoming challenges. While adhering to meeting schedules is important, it is not directly related to how the Scrum Master optimizes the team’s productivity. As for managing the Product Backlog, this is primarily the responsibility of the Product Owner.

Question 59: During a Sprint, when is new work or further decomposition of work added to the Sprint Backlog? (choose the best answer)

A. When the Product Owner identifies new work.
B. When the Scrum Master has time to enter it.
C. As soon as possible after it is identified. 
D. During the Daily Scrum after the Developers approve it.

Any additional work or decomposition of tasks should be added to the Sprint Backlog as soon as they are identified, and as quickly as possible. This ensures that the team maintains visibility of the remaining work and can adjust their Sprint plans accordingly. While the Product Owner may identify new work, it is the Development Team that decides what should be added to the Sprint Backlog and when. The Scrum Master‘s role is more about ensuring the team follows Scrum practices and removes impediments, but they are not responsible for adding work.

Question 60: True or False: A high-performance Scrum Team ensures that each Increment is complete by running a Release Sprint.

A. True.
B. False. 

In Scrum, there is no concept of a “Release Sprint.” The management of product versions or updates is integrated into the Scrum process, and each Sprint is expected to produce a complete and potentially releasable Increment. This means that, by the end of each Sprint, the Increment is already in a state that is ready for production, without the need for a Sprint specifically dedicated to release. Continuous delivery is part of the Scrum practice, and the Scrum Team must ensure that each Increment is of high quality, validated, and ready to be released or deployed at any time.

Question 61 : The Developers select a set of Product Backlog Items for a Sprint Backlog with the intent to get the selected items done by the end of the Sprint. Which three phrases best describe the purpose of a Definition of Done? (choose the best three answers)

A. It tracks the percentage complete of a Product Backlog Item.
B. It defines what it takes for an Increment to be ready for release. 
C. It creates transparency over the work inspected at the Sprint Review. 
D. It guides the Developers in creating a forecast at the Sprint Planning. 
E. It provides a template for elements that need to be included in the documentation.
F. It controls whether the Developers have performed their tasks.

The Definition of Done (DoD) is a shared agreement within the Scrum Team regarding the minimum criteria that must be met for a Product Backlog Item (PBI) to be considered complete. It ensures that the Increment produced at the end of each Sprint is complete and ready to be delivered, which allows for:

• B. Defining what is required for an Increment to be ready for production.
• C. Creating transparency during the inspection of the work done in the Sprint Review, ensuring that everyone knows what has been completed.
• D. Guiding Developers in their planning during Sprint Planning, as knowing the exact criteria for considering a task as “done” helps them better plan and commit to a realistic workload.

The purpose of the DoD is not to track the percentage of completion but to ensure the completeness and quality of the work for each selected item.

Question 62: What are three benefits of self-management? (choose the best three answers)

A. Increased self-accountability. 
B. Increased rule compliance.
C. Increased creativity.
D. Increased commitment.
E. Increased accuracy of estimates.

Self-organization within a Scrum Team allows team members to make decisions independently, which brings several advantages, such as:

• A. Increased self-responsibility: Each team member is responsible for their own work, leading to greater individual accountability.
• C. Increased creativity: By having the freedom to decide how to complete the work, team members can find innovative and creative solutions.
• D. Increased engagement: When team members are responsible for their decisions, they are often more invested and motivated to achieve the project’s goals.

These elements are essential for fostering a dynamic and agile environment, in contrast to more directed teams with less autonomy.

Question 63: A new Developer is having continuing conflicts with existing members of the Scrum Team, which is impacting the delivery of the Increment. If necessary, who is responsible for removing the Developer from the Scrum Team? (choose the best answer)

A. The hiring manager is responsible, they hired the Developer.
B. The Product Owner is responsible, they control the return on investment (ROI).
C. The Scrum Team is responsible. 
D. The Scrum Master is responsible, they remove impediments.

In Scrum, conflict management and team composition are the collective responsibility of the Scrum Team. If a team member disrupts the group’s performance, it can affect the entire Increment. While the Scrum Master can help resolve conflicts and facilitate communication, it is the Scrum Team as a whole that must manage its dynamics and make the necessary decisions to maintain effective collaboration.

The Scrum Master helps remove obstacles, but decisions regarding team members, such as the potential exclusion of a member, are a collective responsibility.

Question 64: A Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product that is the result of the work of the Scrum Team. Which of the following can be delegated to others, while the Product Owner remains accountable for the work? (choose the best two answers)

A. Attending the Sprint Review.
B. Ordering Product Backlog Items.
C. Developing and communicating the Product Goal.
D. Attending the Sprint Retrospective.

The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product by collaborating with the Scrum Team. However, some tasks can be delegated, while still remaining under their overall responsibility:

• Ordering the Product Backlog items: The Product Owner can delegate to other team members or use tools to manage the Product Backlog, but the responsibility for the order of the Backlog remains theirs.
• Developing and communicating the product goal: The Product Owner must ensure that the product goal is clear and communicated to the entire team. They may involve others to facilitate this process, but they are ultimately responsible for the product vision and direction.

On the other hand, participation in Scrum events (such as the Sprint Review and Sprint Retrospective) can be delegated to others, although the Product Owner’s presence is often seen as essential.

Question 65: During a Sprint Retrospective, the Developers propose moving the Daily Scrum to only occur on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Which two are the most appropriate responses for the Scrum Master to recommend? (choose the best two answers)

A. Consider the request and decide on which days the Daily Scrum should occur.
B. Coach the team on why the Daily Scrum is important as an opportunity to update the plan.
C. Acknowledge and support the self-managing team's decision.
D. Have the Developers vote.
E. Learn why the Developers want this and work with them to improve the outcome of the Daily Scrum.

The Scrum Master should coach the team on the importance of the Daily Scrum. The Scrum Master needs to help the team understand why the Daily Scrum exists and how it helps to adjust the daily work plan. The Daily Scrum is a crucial event for team coordination and progress tracking, and it is essential for the team to understand its importance.

The Scrum Master should also aim to understand the motivation of the Developers and work with them to improve the outcome of the Daily Scrum. If the Developers want to adjust the schedule of the Daily Scrum, the Scrum Master should discuss how this could affect their effectiveness and strive to continuously improve the team’s processes based on their needs while respecting the core principles of Scrum.

Other options, such as choosing the days for the Daily Scrum or voting on it, are less appropriate because they do not address the reasons for the change or the importance of maintaining this essential Scrum event.

Question 66: During the Sprint Retrospective, a Scrum Team has identified several high-priority process improvements. Which of the following statements is most accurate? (choose the best answer)

A. The Scrum Team may add the items to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint.
B. The Scrum Team should choose at least one high-priority process improvement to place in the Product Backlog.
C. The Scrum Team should decline to add a process improvement to the Sprint Backlog when things are running smoothly.
D. The Scrum Master selects the most important process improvement and places it in the Sprint Backlog.

According to the Scrum Guide, the Scrum Team is encouraged to include at least one process improvement identified during the Sprint Retrospective into the next Sprint Backlog. This ensures that the learnings from the retrospective lead to tangible actions that contribute to continuous improvement.

Why the other options are not correct:

B. Placing the improvement in the Product Backlog: This is unnecessary. Process improvements identified during the retrospective can be directly incorporated into the Sprint Backlog, without the need to go through the Product Backlog.

C. Declining improvements if everything is going well: Even when things are going well, there is always room for improvement. Scrum encourages continuous improvement, and the retrospective is a key opportunity to make incremental enhancements, regardless of current success.

D. The Scrum Master selects the improvement: It is the responsibility of the entire Scrum Team, not just the Scrum Master, to decide which improvements should be included in the Sprint Backlog. The Scrum Master facilitates the process, but the team collectively determines the actions for improvement.

Question 67: How is management that is external to the Scrum Team involved in the Daily Scrum? (choose the best answer)

A. The Product Owner represents their opinions.
B. Managers are not required at the Daily Scrum.
C. The Scrum Master speaks on their behalf.
D. Management gives an update at the start of each Daily Scrum.

The Daily Scrum is a meeting internal to the Developers to inspect their progress toward the Sprint goal and adjust their plan accordingly. It is strictly designed for the Scrum Team, and external managers do not participate unless the Developers choose to invite them.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. The Product Owner represents their opinions.
The Product Owner does not act as a representative of managers. Their role is to focus on maximizing the product’s value, not to communicate the perspectives of management.

C. The Scrum Master speaks on their behalf.
The Scrum Master is not a spokesperson for management. Their role is to facilitate Scrum events and support the team in achieving its goals, not to represent external viewpoints.

D. Management gives an update at the beginning of each Daily Scrum.
Management does not participate in the Daily Scrum. This meeting is exclusively for the Developers to inspect their progress and adjust their plan, without outside interference.

Question 68: How much time is required after a Sprint to prepare for the next Sprint? (choose the best answer)

A. The break between Sprints is timeboxed to one-week for a one-month Sprint, and usually less for shorter Sprints.
B. Enough time for the requirements for the next Sprint to be determined and documented.
C. Enough time for the Developers to finish the testing from the last Sprint.
D. None. A new Sprint starts immediately following the end of the previous Sprint.
E. All of the above are allowed depending on the situation.

In Scrum, there is no formal break between Sprints. As soon as one Sprint ends, the next one begins immediately. This ensures that the Scrum Team remains focused and continues working on the product without interruption.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. The time between Sprints is limited to one week for a one-month Sprint, and generally less for shorter Sprints.
This is incorrect. There is no formal “rest period” set between Sprints. A new Sprint starts immediately after the previous Sprint ends. There is no specific time allocated between Sprints.

B. There needs to be enough time for the requirements for the next Sprint to be determined and documented.
While preparing and clarifying Product Backlog items is important, this should be an ongoing process during the current Sprint, not something that requires a formal pause between Sprints. The backlog refinement is continuous, not something that needs to be done after a Sprint finishes.

C. There needs to be enough time for the Developers to finish testing from the last Sprint.
Testing should be completed within the previous Sprint because the Definition of Done for a Product Backlog Item includes all necessary tests. The work must be completed during the Sprint, so there is no need for extra time between Sprints for testing.

Question 69: How much work is required of the Developers to complete a Product Backlog Item selected during the Sprint Planning? (choose the best answer)

A. As much as they can fit into the Sprint, with remaining work deferred to the next Sprint.
B. As much as is required to meet the Scrum Team's Definition of Done.
C. All development work and at least some testing.
D. A proportional amount of time on analysis, design, development, and testing.

In Scrum, the developers must complete all the work necessary to ensure that a Product Backlog item is considered “Done”. This means it must meet the criteria defined in the Definition of Done. This includes not only development but also testing, documentation, and any other necessary requirements for the item to be considered a usable Increment.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. As much work as they can accomplish within the Sprint, with the remaining work carried over to the next Sprint.
This is incorrect because the work for a Product Backlog item must be completed within the same Sprint, according to the Definition of Done. If an item is not finished, it must be reprioritized or adjusted for the next Sprint.

C. All development work and at least some testing.
This is insufficient. The Definition of Done must include all necessary steps, such as testing, integration, and documentation, depending on the team’s requirements. Limiting it to “some testing” could mean the item is not fully complete.

D. A proportional amount of time for analysis, design, development, and testing.
This is too vague. The key is that all necessary work to meet the Definition of Done is completed, not just a “proportional distribution” of work between different phases of development. The focus should be on ensuring every aspect required for the item to be done is finished.

Question 70: How often should Scrum Team membership change? (choose the best answer)

A. Every Sprint to promote shared learning.
B. As needed, with no special allowance for changes in productivity.
C. Never, it reduces productivity.
D. As needed, while taking into account a short-term reduction in productivity.

Changes in the composition of a Scrum team should be made when necessary, but such changes can temporarily reduce productivity. When a member leaves or a new member joins the team, there may be a need for time to adapt, understand the processes, and become familiar with the work that has already been done. However, these adjustments can bring long-term benefits by introducing new skills or perspectives.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Every Sprint to promote shared learning.
This is not a good practice because frequent changes in the team can lead to instability, reduce efficiency, and harm collaboration. While shared learning is important, it can be achieved without changing the team composition every Sprint.

B. As needed, without considering the impact on productivity.
While changes in the team may sometimes be necessary, it’s important to acknowledge that such changes can impact productivity in the short term. It’s essential to take this impact into account before making changes.

C. Never, as it reduces productivity.
While stability in the team is beneficial, there are situations where changes are necessary, such as adjustments to skills or unforeseen circumstances. Saying “never” ignores situations where changes are inevitable or beneficial for the team in the long term.

In conclusion, understanding the role of the Product Owner and the Scrum principles is crucial for successfully passing the exam and excelling in the role. We hope these explanations help you understand Scrum concepts more clearly!ions-réponses vous aideront à affiner vos connaissances et à mieux appréhender les défis du Product Owner.

Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments — we’d love to discuss and exchange tips to help you go even further in your Scrum journey!